Abstract
This guide covers the selection and use of test methods for high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC) designed for wall surfaces of steel, masonry (poured concrete, concrete block, or cinder block), and plaster or gypsum wallboard. HIPAC are tough, extra-durable organic coating systems applied as continuous (seamless) film and cure to a hard finish. HIPAC are not usually intended for ceilings and floors, and would not ordinarily be used in homes. The types of resin ordinarily used are epoxy-polyamide, two-package; polyester-epoxy, twopackage; and polyurethane, one-package or two-package. Practical requirements for HIPAC vary with substrate type and climate conditions. The tests for measuring the properties enumerated below are detailed. Liquid coating properties include: (1) skinning, (2) condition in container, (3) coarse particles and foreign matter, (4) density or weight per gallon, (5) fineness of dispersion, (6) odor, (7) flash point, (8) dilution stability, (9) volatile content, (10) free diisocyanate content, and (11) package stability. Coating application and film formation properties include: (1) brush, roller, and spray application properties, (2) rheological properties, (3) curing, (4) wet-film thickness, and (5) touch-up uniformity. Dry coating appearance includes: (1) color difference, (2) directional reference, (3) gloss, (4) hiding power, and (5) yellowness index. Dry coating properties include: (1) abrasion resistance, (2) adhesion, (3) impact resistance, (4) chemical resistance, (5) washability and cleansability, (6) mildew resistance, (7) perspiration resistance, (8) heat and cold resistance, (9) heat and humidity resistance, (10) fire hazards, and (11) dry-film thickness.
Scope
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of test methods for high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC) that differ from more conventional coatings by being tougher, more stain-resistant, more abrasion-resistant and, ordinarily, designed to be applied to wall surfaces of steel, masonry (poured concrete, concrete block, or cinder block), and plaster or gypsum wallboard. The tests that are listed in Table 1 and Table 2 are designed to measure performance properties. These tests may not all be required for each HIPAC system. Selection of the test methods to be followed must be governed by experience and the requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
1.2 High-performance architectural coatings are tough, extra-durable organic coating systems that are applied as a continuous (seamless) film and cure to a hard finish. The finish can be high gloss, semigloss, or low gloss as desired. These coatings are resistant to persistent heat, humidity, abrasion, staining, chemicals, and fungus growth. They are used in areas where humidity, wear, or unusual chemical resistance requirements, particularly to soiling, are required and where strong detergents are used to maintain sanitary conditions. Halls and stairways in public buildings, lavatories, stall showers, locker areas, animal pens, and biological laboratories are typical applications. In addition, food processing plants, dairies, restaurants, schools, and transport terminals frequently use HIPAC systems. These are effective in many areas of building interiors compared with tile and are of low materials and maintenance costs. They are used as a complete system only as recommended by the manufacturer since the individual coats in a system are formulated to be compatible with each other. HIPAC systems should be applied only to properly prepared surfaces such as steel or masonry, including cinder blocks and cement blocks. They can be applied over plaster and gypsum wallboard. Ordinarily, a prime or fill coat, if required, is part of the system.
1.3 While they are excellent for walls, HIPAC are not usually intended for ceilings and floors. They would not ordinarily be used in homes, although parents with small children might want to use HIPAC coatings on some walls.
1.4 The types of resin ordinarily used are the following: epoxy-polyamide, two-package; polyester-epoxy, two-package; polyurethane, one-package or two-package. However, other resin types are not excluded provided they can meet the requirements (performance specifications) laid down by the purchaser.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional Order
Property
(or Related Test)
Section
ASTM
Test Method
Federal
Test
Method
Standard
No. 141
Sampling:
5.2
D3925
…
Liquid Paint Properties:
Skinning
7.1
D154
Condition in container
7.2
…
3011
Coarse particles and foreign matter
7.3
D185
Density or weight per gallon
7.4
D1475
Fineness of dispersion
7.5
D1210
Flash point
7.7
D93, D3278
Dilution stability
7.8
…
4203
Volatile content
7.9
D2369
…
Free diisocyanate content
7.10
D3432
…
Package stability
7.11
Heat stability
7.11.1
D1849
Settling
7.11.2
D869
Color Acceptance
7.12
D5326
Coating Application and Film Formation:
Application properties
8.1
…
4541
Brush application
8.1.1
…
2141
Brush drag
8.1.1.1
D4958
…
Roller application
8.1.2
…
2112
Roller spatter
8.1.2.1
D4707
…
Spray application
8.1.3
…
2131
Open time
8.1.4
D7488
Rheological properties
8.2
…
…
Consistency (low-shear viscosity)
8.2.1
D562
…
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids
8.2.2
D2196, D4287
…
Sag resistance
8.2.3
D4400
…
Leveling properties
8.2.4
D4062
…
Curing properties
8.3
…
…
Wet-film thickness
8.4
D1212
…
Touch-up uniformity
8.5
D3928, D7489
Low Temperature Coalescence
8.6
D3793, D7306
Enamel holdout
8.7
D7786
Appearance of Dry Coating:
Color appearance
9.1.1
…
…
Color differences by visual comparison
9.1.2
D1729
…
Color differences using instrumental
measurements
9.1.3
D2244
…
Directional reflectance
9.2
E1347
…
Gloss, 60°
9.3
D523
…
Hiding power
9.4
D344, D2805, D5150
…
Yellowness index
9.5
E313
Properties of Dry Film:
Abrasion resistance
10.1
D4060
…
Adhesion
10.2
D4541
…
Wet Adhesion
10.2.1
D6900
6301
Impact resistance
10.3
D2794
…
Chemical resistance
10.4
D1308
…
Washability and cleansability
10.5
…
…
Washability
10.5.1
D2486, D4213
…
Cleansability
10.5.2
D3450, D4828
…
Stainblocking
10.6
D7514
Mildew resistance
10.7
D3273
…
Perspiration resistance
10.8
…
…
Heat and cold resistance
10.9
D1211
…
Heat and humidity resistance
10.10
D2247
…
Fire hazards
10.11
E84
Dry-film thickness
10.12
D1005, D1186, D1400
Burnish Resistance
10.13
D6736
TABLE 2 Alphabetical List of Test Methods
Test Method
Section
ASTM
Test Method
Federal Test
Method
Standard
No. 141
Abrasion resistance
10.1
D4060
Adhesion
10.2
D4541
…
Application properties
8.1
…
4541
Brush application
8.1.1
…
2141
Brush drag
8.1.1.1
D4958
…
Burnish Resistance
10.13
D6736
Chemical resistance
10.4
D1308A
…
Cleansability
10.5.2
D3450, D4828
…
Coarse particles and foreign matter
7.3
D185
Color Acceptance
7.12
D5326
Color appearance
9.1.1
…
…
Color differences by visual comparison
9.1.2
D1729
…
Color differences using instrumental
measurements
9.1.3
D2244
…
Condition in container
7.2
…
3011
Consistency (low-shear viscosity)
8.2.1
D562
…
Curing properties
8.3
…
…
Density or weight per gallon
7.4
D1475
…
Dilution stability
7.8
…
4203
Directional reflectance
8.2
E1347
…
Dry-film thickness
10.12
D1005, D1186, D1400
…
Enamel holdout
8.7
D7786
Fineness of dispersion
7.5
D1210
…
Fire hazards
10.11
E84
Flash point
7.7
D93, D3278
…
Free diisocyanate content
7.10
D3432
Gloss (60-deg specular)
9.3
D523
Heat and cold resistance
10.9
D1211A
…
Heat and humidity resistance
10.10
D2247A
…
Heat stability
7.11.1
D1849
Hiding power
9.4
D344, D2805, D5150
…
Impact resistance
10.3
…
…
Leveling properties
8.2.4
D4062
…
Low Temperature Coalescence
8.6
D3793, D7306
…
Mildew resistance
10.7
D3273
…
Open time of latex
8.1.4
D7488
Package stability
7.11
Perspiration resistance
10.8
…
…
Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids
8.2.2
D2196, D4287
…
Roller application
8.1.2
…
2112
Roller spatter
8.1.2.1
D4707
…
Sag resistance
8.2.3
D4400
…
Sampling
5.2
D3925
…
Settling
7.11.2
D869
Skinning
7.1
D154
Spray application
8.3
…
2131
Stainblocking
10.6
D7514
Touch-up uniformity
8.5
D3928, D7489
Volatile content
7.9
D2369
…
Washability
10.5.1
D2486, D4213
…
Wet Adhesion
10.2.1
D6900
6301
Wet-film thickness
8.4
D1212
…
Yellowness index
9.5
E313
(A) Modified.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see the note in 7.6.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
