Abstract
This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the oils are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both. This guide is classified into the following categories: sampling practices, physical tests, electrical tests, chemical tests, and specifications. The test methods shall be as follows: aniline point; coefficient of thermal expansion; color; examination; flash and fire point; interfacial tension; pour point of petroleum products; refractive index; relative density; specific heat; thermal conductivity; turbidity; viscosity; dielectric breakdown voltage; dissipation factor and relative permittivity; gassing tendency; resistivity; stability under electrical discharge; acidity; carbon-type composition; compatibility with construction material; copper content; furanic compounds; gas analysis; gas content; inorganic chlorides and sulfates; neutralization numbers; oxidation inhibitor content; oxidation stability; polychlorinated biphenyl content; sediment and soluble sludge; sulfur; water content; mineral insulating oil for electrical apparatus; and high firepoint electrical insulating oils.
Scope
1.1 This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating liquids intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, liquid-filled circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the liquids are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to outline the applicability of the available test methods. Where more than one is available for measuring a given property, their relative advantages are described, along with an indication of laboratory convenience, precision, (95 % confidence limits), and applicability to specific types of electrical insulating liquids.
1.3 This guide is classified into the following categories: Sampling Practices, Physical Tests, Electrical Tests, Chemical Tests, and Specifications. Within each test category, the test methods are listed alphabetically by property measured. A list of standards follows:
Category
Section
ASTM Standard
Sampling:
3
D923
Physical Tests:
Aniline Point
4
D611
Coefficient of Thermal Ex-
pansion
5
D1903
Color
6
D1500
Examination: Visual Infrared
7
D1524, D2144, D2129
Flash and Fire Point
8
D92
Interfacial Tension
9
D971
Pour Point of Petroleum
Products
10
D97, D5949, D5950
Particle Count in Mineral
Insulating Oil
11
D6786
Refractive Index and Specific
Optical Dispersion
12
D1218
Relative Density (Specific
Gravity)
13
D287, D1217, D1298, D1481, D4052
Specific Heat
14
D2766
Thermal Conductivity
15
D2717
Viscosity
16
D445, D2161, D7042
Electrical Tests:
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage
17
D877, D1816, D3300
Dissipation Factor and Rela-
tive Permittivity (Dielectric
Constant)
18
D924
Gassing Characteristic
Under Thermal Stress
19
D7150
Gassing Tendency
20
D2300
Resistivity
21
D1169
Chemical Tests:
Acidity, Approximate
22
D1534
Carbon-Type Composition
23
D2140
Compatibility with Construc-
tion Material
24
D3455
Copper Content
25
D3635
Elements by Inductively
Coupled Plasma (ICP-AES)
26
D7151
Furanic Compounds in
Electrical Insulating Liquids
27
D5837
Dissolved Gas Analysis
28
D3612
Gas Content of Cable and
Capacitor Liquids
29
D831, D1827, D2945
Neutralization (Acid and
Base) Numbers
30
D664, D974
Oxidation Inhibitor Content
31
D2668, D4768
Oxidation Stability
32
D1934, D2112, D2440
Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Content (PCB)
33
D4059
Sulfur, Corrosive
34
D1275
Water Content
35
D1533
Specification:
Mineral Insulating Liquid for
Electrical Apparatus
36
D3487
Less Flammable Electrical
Insulating Liquids
37
D5222
Silicone Fluid used for Electrical
Insulation
38
D4652
Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester
Fluids used in Electrical
Apparatus
39
D6871
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
