ISO 10068:2012 specifies the mechanical impedance of the human male hand-arm system at the driving point. Values of the impedance, expressed as modulus and phase, are provided for three orthogonal, translatory directions of excitation that correspond to the xh-, yh- and zh-axes of the basicentric coordinate system.
The xh-, yh- and zh-components of impedance are defined as a function of frequency, from 10 Hz to 500 Hz, for specified arm positions, grip and feed forces, handle diameters, and intensities of excitation. The components of impedance in the three directions are treated as being independent.

