Significance and Use
5.1 This test method covers the determination of V, Ni, Ca, Na, Al, Si, Zn, P, and S for residual fuels and Fe, V, Ni,Ca, Na, K, and S for crude oils. This test method complements and extends the capabilities of Test Methods D1548 and D5708, which only apply to the determination of Ni, V, and Fe in crude oils and residual fuels.
5.2 The metals and other elements tested for in this method may occur naturally or may be added as a result of production (that is, catalyst fines).
Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of metals and other elements in residual fuel and crude oil by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). The specific elements within the scope of this method are V, Ni, Ca, Na, Al, Si, Zn, P, and S for residual fuel oil and Fe, V, Ni, Ca, Na, K, and S for crude oils.
1.2 Method working range:
high expected concentration limit = highest ILS sample mean
low expected concentration limit = lowest ILS sample mean if:
(1) lowest ILS sample mean − Rlowest ILS sample mean > 0; otherwise it is determined by solving for X using the following equation:
(2) X − RX= coarsest resolution, determined by
0.5*σr lowest ILS sample mean
Crude Oil:
Element
Method Working Range
(expected mg/kg)
Iron
0.70 to 161.02
Vanadium
2.88 to 417.50
Nickel
0.36 to 107.66
Calcium
5.41 to 96.78
Sodium
1.18 to 97.13
Potassium
7.01 to 63.83
Sulfur
1059 to 35194
Residual Fuel Oil:
Element
Method Working Range
(expected mg/kg)
Vanadium
3.88 to 370.09
Nickel
1.47 to 96.68
Calcium
4.41 to 102.01
Sodium
2.80 to 112.67
Aluminum
4.13 to 154.12
Silicon
5.99 to 237.56
Zinc
2.75 to 102.46
Sulfur
1314 to 30134
1.3 This test method uses soluble metals in organic solvents for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and particles larger than a few micrometers may cause results to appear low
1.4 Elements present at mass fractions above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions. Elements shall be measured at the wavelengths presented in Table 1.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.