Significance and Use
4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties, which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial terms and regulatory requirements. This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. This practice does not address how to sample crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water.
PART I—General
This part is applicable to all petroleum liquid sampling whether it be crude oil or refined products. Review this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.
Scope
1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.
1.2 Table of Contents:
Section
INTRODUCTION
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Significance and Use
4
PART I–GENERAL
Representative Sampling Components
5
Design Criteria
6
Automatic Sampling Systems
7
Sampling Location
8
Mixing of the Flowing Stream
9
Proportionality
10
Sample Extractor Grab Volume
11
Containers
12
Sample Handling and Mixing
13
Control Systems
14
Sample System Security
15
System Proving (Performance Acceptance Tests)
16
Performance Monitoring
17
PART II–CRUDE OIL
Crude Oil
18
PART III–REFINED PRODUCTS
Refined Products
19
KEYWORDS
Keywords
20
ANNEXES
Calculations of the Margin of Error based on Number of Sample Grabs
Annex A1
Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location
Annex A2
Portable Sampling Units
Annex A3
Profile Performance Test
Annex A4
Sampler Acceptance Test Data
Annex A5
APPENDIXES
Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System
Appendix X1
Comparisons of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period
Appendix X2
Sampling Frequency and Sampling System Monitoring Spreadsheet
Appendix X3
Sampling System Monitoring—Additional Diagnostics
Appendix X4
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or US Customary (USC) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Except where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as for National Pipe Threads/diameters, or tubing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.