Significance and Use
8.1 The conductivity of the water extract of electrical grade pulp results from electrolytic impurities in the pulp potentially present as ionizable acids, bases, salts, or a combination of these. The presence of electrolytic impurities in electrical insulation is undesirable as they tend to lower insulation resistance and have corrosion-producing tendencies under conditions of applied potential. When comparing test data, note that the extract conductivity of pulps, especially those of high purity, changes with time after manufacturing in some instances. This test is useful for routine acceptance testing, the comparison of different pulps, and research work.6
Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical insulating papers and boards or in the direct application of pulp fibers as insulation to electrical conductors.
NOTE 1: Consider the significance of any one pulp property test method, as set forth herein, with discretion depending on the product made from the pulp.
1.2 Sections on Reagents, Sampling, and Report are integral parts of each of the individual test methods that follow.
1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet formed from the pulp.
1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure
Sections
ASTM
Method
Reference
TAPPI
Method
Reference
Aqueous Extract Conductivity
8 & 9
D202
. . .
Aqueous Extract pH
10 & 11
D202
. . .
Aqueous Extractable Acidity-
Alkalinity
12 & 13
D202
. . .
Analysis of Ash for Cations by
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
70 – 78
D1193 & D2576
. . .
Ash Content
79 – 82
D202
T 413
Dirt in Pulp
40 & 41
. . .
T 213
Fiber Analysis
23 & 24
D202 & D1030
. . .
Fiber Length of Pulp
42 & 43
. . .
T 232, T 233
Freeness (Canadian Standard
Freeness)
53 & 54
. . .
T 227
Kappa Number/Permanganate
Number (Substances Oxidizable
by Permanganate)
27 & 28
. . .
T 236, UM 251
Laboratory Processing of Pulp
(Beater Method)
51 & 52
. . .
T 200
Moisture in Pulp
31 – 33
. . .
T 210
Neutral Aqueous Extractable Hard-
ness in Pulp
16 – 22
D202, D1126, & D2576
. . .
Pentosan Content of Pulp
29 & 30
. . .
T 223
Resistance of Pulp to Disintegration
(Standard RPG)
44 – 50
. . .
T 239, UM 252
Shive Count
34 – 39
. . .
. . .
Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp
25 & 26
D202
. . .
Tensile Properties
65 – 69
D202
. . .
Water-Extractable Chlorides
14 & 15
D202
. . .
1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure
Sections
ASTM
Method
Reference
TAPPI
Method
Reference
Air Resistance (Porosity)
57 & 58
D202
T 205
Apparent Density
63 & 64
D202
T 205
Bursting Strength
59 & 60
D202 & D774/D774M
T 205
Folding Endurance (M.I.T.)
51 & 52
D202 & D2176
T 205
Forming Handsheets for Physical
Tests of Pulp
55 & 56
. . .
T 205
Tensile Strength
65 & 66
D202 & D828
T 205
NOTE 2: Methods for Ash, Silica, selected cations from Ash, Heat Stability, α, β, and γ Cellulose, Viscosity, Total Chlorine, Tear, and Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity, will be considered for addition as methods are developed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.