Abstract
These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.
1.2 Contents:
Section
Subject
2
Referenced Documents
4
Description of Referee Analyses
4.1
Referee Analyses
5
Qualification for Different Analyses
5.1
Certified Reference Materials
5.2
Requirements for Qualification Testing
5.3
Alternative Analyses
5.4
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods
6
General
6.1
Interferences and Limitations
6.2
Apparatus and Materials
6.3
Reagents
6.4
Sample Preparation
6.5
General Procedures
6.6
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses
Reference Test Methods
7
Insoluble Residue
8
Silicon Dioxide
8.2
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %
8.3
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %
9
Ammonium Hydroxide Group
10
Ferric Oxide
11
Phosphorus Pentoxide
12
Titanium Dioxide
13
Zinc Oxide
14
Aluminum Oxide
15
Calcium Oxide
16
Magnesium Oxide
17
Sulfur
17.1
Sulfur Trioxide
17.2
Sulfide
18
Loss On Ignition
18.1
Portland Cement
18.2
Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement
19
Sodium and Potassium Oxides
19.1
Total Alkalis
19.2
Water-Soluble Alkalis
20
Manganic Oxide
21
Chloride
22
Chloroform-Soluble Organic Substances
Alternative Test Methods
23
Calcium Oxide
24
Carbon Dioxide
25
Magnesium Oxide
26
Loss on Ignition
26.1
Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement
27
Titanium Dioxide
28
Phosphorus Pentoxide
29
Manganic Oxide
30
Free Calcium Oxide
Appendices
Appendix X1
Example of Determination of Equivalence Point
for the Chloride Determination
Appendix X2
CO2 Determinations in Hydraulic Cements
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.