Significance and Use
5.1 Thermoplastic moldings contain residual stresses due to differential cooling rates through the thickness of the molding. Changes in residual stress have been found to occur with time after molding due to stress relaxation. Many part performance parameters as well as part failures are affected by the level of residual stress present in a part. Residual stresses cause shrinkage, warpage, and a decrease in environmental stress crack resistance. This practice estimates the relative magnitude of residual stresses in parts produced from the series of sulfone plastics (SP), namely polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone (PESU), and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) materials.
5.2 No direct correlation has been established between the results of the determination of residual stresses by this practice and part performance properties. For this reason, this practice is not recommended as a substitute for other tests, nor is it intended for use in purchasing specifications for parts. Despite this limitation, this practice does yield information of value in indicating the presence of residual stresses and the relative quality of plastic parts.
5.3 Residual stresses cannot be easily calculated, hence it is important to have an experimental method, such as this practice, to estimate residual stresses.
5.4 This practice is useful for extruders and molders who wish to evaluate residual stresses in SP parts. This can be accomplished by visual examination after immersion in one or more chemical reagents to evaluate whether or not cracking occurs. Stresses will relax after molding or extrusion. Accordingly, both immersion in the test medium and visual examination must be made at identical times and conditions after processing, if comparing parts. It is important to note the differences in part history. Thus, this technique is suitable as an indication for quality of plastic processing.
5.5 The practice is useful primarily for indicating residual stresses near the surface.
Scope
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of residual stresses in extruded profile or molded SP parts. The presence and relative magnitude of residual stresses are indicated by the crazing of the specimen part upon immersion in one or more of a series of chemical reagents. The specified chemical reagents were previously calibrated by use of Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) techniques to cause crazing in sulfone plastics (SP) at specified stress levels.
1.2 This practice applies only to unfilled injection molding and extrusion grade materials of high molecular weight as indicated by the following melt flow rates: PSU 9 g/10 min, max., PESU 30 g/10 m, max, and PPSU 25 g/10 min, max. Lower molecular weight (higher melt flow) materials will craze at lower stress levels than indicated in Tables 1-3. (See Specification D6394 for melt flow rate conditions.)
TABLE 1 Liquid Reagents for Residual Stress Test for PSU
Mixture
Mixture Composition
Critical Stress, MPa (psi)
% by volume Ethanol
% by volume Ethyl Acetate
1
50
50
15.2 (2200)
2
43
57
12.1 (1750)
3
37
63
9.0 (1300)
4
25
75
5.5 (800)
TABLE 2 Liquid Reagents for Residual Stress Test for PESU
Mixture
Mixture Composition
Critical Stress, MPa (psi)
% by volume Ethanol
% by volume MEK
1
50
50
17.9 (2600)
2
40
60
10.3 (1500)
3
20
80
6.9 (1000)
4
0
100
5.9 (850)
TABLE 3 Liquid Reagents for Residual Stress Test for PPSU
Mixture
Mixture Composition
Critical Stress, MPa (psi)
% by volume Ethanol
% by volume MEK
1
50
50
22.8 (3300)
2
25
75
13.8 (2000)
3
10
90
9.0 (1300)
4
0
100
8.0 (1150)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent for this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
